Plant Structure and Function Quiz. The structure of plants is specially designed to help them survive, grow, and reproduce in their environment. Each part of a plant, including the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, performs important functions such as absorption of water, transportation of food, photosynthesis, and reproduction. Understanding plant structure and function helps students appreciate how plants support life on Earth and maintain ecological balance.
Plant Structure and Function Quiz
1. Which part of a plant is mainly responsible for absorbing water and minerals from the soil?
A. Stem
B. Leaf
C. Root
D. Flower
2. The main function of leaves in plants is to carry out
A. Respiration
B. Transpiration
C. Photosynthesis
D. Reproduction
3. Which tissue transports water and minerals in plants?
A. Phloem
B. Cambium
C. Xylem
D. Cortex
4. The part of a plant that supports branches and leaves is the
A. Root
B. Stem
C. Flower
D. Bud
5. Which tissue is responsible for transporting food in plants?
A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Cambium
D. Epidermis
Plant Structure and Function Quiz
6. The outer protective layer of a plant is called the
A. Cortex
B. Cambium
C. Epidermis
D. Pith
7. Which structure controls water loss in leaves?
A. Chloroplast
B. Stomata
C. Veins
D. Cuticle
8. The main function of the stem is to
A. Produce seeds
B. Store water only
C. Transport substances and support the plant
D. Absorb minerals
9. Which part of a plant contains chlorophyll?
A. Root
B. Stem
C. Leaf
D. Flower
10. The tiny openings on leaves are known as
A. Lenticels
B. Veins
C. Stomata
D. Nodes
Plant Structure and Function Quiz
11. Which type of root system is found in maize?
A. Tap root
B. Fibrous root
C. Adventitious root
D. Prop root
12. The main function of flowers is
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Reproduction
D. Storage
13. The green pigment responsible for photosynthesis is called
A. Carotene
B. Xanthophyll
C. Chlorophyll
D. Melanin
14. Which part of a flower develops into a fruit?
A. Ovule
B. Ovary
C. Petal
D. Sepal
15. The part of the leaf that contains veins is called the
A. Lamina
B. Petiole
C. Midrib
D. Cuticle
16. Which plant tissue is responsible for growth in length?
A. Lateral meristem
B. Apical meristem
C. Phloem
D. Cortex
17. The function of the cuticle is to
A. Absorb sunlight
B. Prevent water loss
C. Store food
D. Transport minerals
18. Which structure attaches the leaf to the stem?
A. Node
B. Petiole
C. Internode
D. Vein
19. The vascular bundle in plants contains
A. Xylem and phloem
B. Cortex and pith
C. Cambium and epidermis
D. Root and stem
20. Which type of stem grows horizontally under the soil?
A. Tuber
B. Runner
C. Rhizome
D. Tendril
Plant Structure and Function Quiz
21. The main function of roots in plants includes
A. Reproduction only
B. Support and absorption
C. Photosynthesis
D. Respiration only
22. Which structure protects the flower bud?
A. Petals
B. Sepals
C. Stamens
D. Carpels
23. The broad flat part of the leaf is called the
A. Petiole
B. Lamina
C. Vein
D. Node
24. Which tissue lies between xylem and phloem?
A. Cortex
B. Cambium
C. Pith
D. Epidermis
25. Which part of a plant is mainly involved in vegetative reproduction?
A. Flower
B. Fruit
C. Stem
D. Seed
Plant Structure and Function Quiz Answers and Explanations
1. C – Roots absorb water and mineral salts from the soil through root hairs, which increase the surface area for absorption and help supply essential nutrients needed for plant growth and development.
2. C – Leaves carry out photosynthesis by using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce food, which supplies energy for all plant activities and supports the entire plant.
3. C – Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant, ensuring that leaves and stems receive the materials needed for photosynthesis.
4. B – The stem supports the plant by holding up leaves, flowers, and fruits, allowing them to receive sunlight and air necessary for survival and reproduction.
5. B – Phloem carries manufactured food from the leaves to other parts of the plant, supplying energy for growth, storage, and repair of tissues.
6. C – The epidermis forms the outer covering of plants and protects them from injury, water loss, and invasion by harmful organisms.
7. B – Stomata regulate water loss and gas exchange by opening and closing, helping plants maintain water balance and take in carbon dioxide.
8. C – The stem transports water, minerals, and food while also supporting leaves and flowers, making it essential for both movement of substances and structural stability.
9. C – Leaves contain chloroplasts filled with chlorophyll, which trap sunlight energy needed for photosynthesis and food production.
10. C – Stomata are small openings that allow gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide to move in and out of the leaf during respiration and photosynthesis.
11. B – Maize has a fibrous root system consisting of many thin roots that spread out in the soil and provide strong support and absorption.
12. C – Flowers are reproductive organs that produce seeds and fruits, ensuring the continuation of plant species through sexual reproduction.
13. C – Chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy used during photosynthesis.
14. B – After fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit that protects the seeds and aids in their dispersal.
15. C – The midrib is the central vein of the leaf that provides support and serves as a main channel for transporting water and food.
16. B – Apical meristems are located at the tips of roots and shoots and are responsible for increasing the length of the plant.
17. B – The cuticle is a waxy layer that reduces water loss from leaves, helping plants survive in dry conditions.
18. B – The petiole connects the leaf to the stem and positions it for maximum exposure to sunlight.
19. A – Vascular bundles contain xylem and phloem tissues, which transport water, minerals, and food throughout the plant.
20. C – A rhizome is an underground horizontal stem that stores food and produces new shoots, aiding in vegetative reproduction.
21. B – Roots provide support by anchoring plants in the soil and absorb water and minerals needed for growth and metabolism.
22. B – Sepals protect the developing flower bud from damage and drying before it opens.
23. B – The lamina is the wide, flat surface of the leaf that carries out most photosynthesis and gas exchange.
24. B – The cambium is a layer of dividing cells that produces new xylem and phloem, helping the plant increase in thickness.
25. C – Stems are often used in vegetative reproduction through structures like runners, tubers, and rhizomes, which can grow into new plants.
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