Marketing Past Questions | WAEC, NECO, GCE and JAMB

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100 Objectives marketing past questions and 20 theory past questions with accurate answers for WAEC, NECO, GCE, and JAMB. For exam revision and practice in Nigerian secondary schools and post-secondary entrance exams.

Marketing Past Questions Objective (1–100)

Each question has four options (A–D) and the correct answer is provided.

1–10

  1. Marketing begins and ends with the
    A. producer
    B. product
    C. consumer
    D. wholesaler
    Answer: C
  2. The main purpose of market segmentation is to
    A. increase cost of marketing
    B. identify the target market
    C. eliminate competition
    D. advertise the product
    Answer: B
  3. The 4Ps in marketing include Product, Price, Promotion and
    A. Packaging
    B. Planning
    C. Place
    D. Purchasing
    Answer: C
  4. A market is best described as
    A. a place for selling farm produce
    B. a group of buyers and sellers
    C. a building where goods are sold
    D. a warehouse for storing goods
    Answer: B
  5. The main objective of promotion in marketing is to
    A. encourage workers
    B. reduce taxes
    C. create product awareness
    D. increase salaries
    Answer: C
  6. Which of the following is not a function of marketing?
    A. Product promotion
    B. Transportation
    C. Auditing
    D. Storage
    Answer: C
  7. The last person in a marketing chain is the
    A. wholesaler
    B. agent
    C. consumer
    D. retailer
    Answer: C
  8. Which of these best defines branding?
    A. Displaying goods attractively
    B. Naming, designing, and packaging a product
    C. Advertising through mass media
    D. Promoting goods in rural areas
    Answer: B
  9. Personal selling is mostly effective when
    A. the product is cheap
    B. goods are advertised on the radio
    C. dealing with industrial goods
    D. the market is homogeneous
    Answer: C
  10. Which of the following is an advantage of packaging?
    A. Reduces product quality
    B. Increases distribution cost
    C. Promotes easy handling
    D. Lowers selling price
    Answer: C

11–20 Marketing Past Questions | WAEC, NECO, GCE and JAMB

  1. The marketing concept that emphasizes customer satisfaction is
    A. product concept
    B. societal concept
    C. selling concept
    D. marketing concept
    Answer: D
  2. Which of the following is a form of sales promotion?
    A. Sales forecasting
    B. Trade fair
    C. Market research
    D. Price elasticity
    Answer: B
  3. When demand equals supply, it is known as
    A. market equilibrium
    B. market segmentation
    C. market survey
    D. marketing mix
    Answer: A
  4. The act of determining how much a buyer will pay is known as
    A. market planning
    B. pricing
    C. forecasting
    D. promotion
    Answer: B
  5. The person who buys goods in large quantities and sells in small quantities is a
    A. wholesaler
    B. consumer
    C. agent
    D. retailer
    Answer: D
  6. Which of these is a pricing strategy?
    A. Sales forecast
    B. Branding
    C. Penetration pricing
    D. Market segmentation
    Answer: C
  7. Which of the following involves face-to-face communication?
    A. Television advertisement
    B. Personal selling
    C. Newspaper advertisement
    D. Radio jingles
    Answer: B
  8. A survey to determine consumer needs is called
    A. product design
    B. market segmentation
    C. market research
    D. branding
    Answer: C
  9. Which of these channels of distribution is the shortest?
    A. Producer → Consumer
    B. Producer → Wholesaler → Retailer
    C. Producer → Agent → Consumer
    D. Producer → Retailer → Consumer
    Answer: A
  10. Which of the following is not a type of utility created by marketing?
    A. Form utility
    B. Place utility
    C. Time utility
    D. Machine utility
    Answer: D

21–30 Marketing Past Questions | WAEC, NECO, GCE and JAMB

  1. Advertising and personal selling are elements of
    A. marketing planning
    B. the promotion mix
    C. sales orientation
    D. consumer behavior
    Answer: B
  2. An advantage of branding is that it
    A. increases government regulation
    B. facilitates product identification
    C. discourages customer loyalty
    D. reduces product value
    Answer: B
  3. Which of the following is a type of market?
    A. Capital market
    B. Utility market
    C. Design market
    D. Structure market
    Answer: A
  4. One main benefit of market segmentation is to
    A. reduce cost of production
    B. avoid advertising
    C. focus on customer needs
    D. eliminate middlemen
    Answer: C
  5. The difference between total revenue and total cost is
    A. discount
    B. price
    C. profit
    D. loss
    Answer: C
  6. Which of the following is part of the external marketing environment?
    A. Pricing strategy
    B. Advertising campaign
    C. Government regulation
    D. Product design
    Answer: C
  7. The act of buying and selling is known as
    A. marketing mix
    B. transaction
    C. distribution
    D. packaging
    Answer: B
  8. Which of the following is a physical distribution function?
    A. Promotion
    B. Transportation
    C. Research
    D. Forecasting
    Answer: B
  9. A short-term incentive to encourage purchase is called
    A. personal selling
    B. sales promotion
    C. public relations
    D. market survey
    Answer: B
  10. Which element of the marketing mix deals with delivering goods to customers?
    A. Promotion
    B. Product
    C. Place
    D. Price
    Answer: C

31–40 Marketing Past Questions | WAEC, NECO, GCE and JAMB

  1. A marketing strategy to enter a competitive market with a low price is
    A. penetration pricing
    B. skimming
    C. discount pricing
    D. value pricing
    Answer: A
  2. Middlemen create what type of utility?
    A. Form
    B. Place
    C. Machine
    D. Chemical
    Answer: B
  3. A disadvantage of using television advertising is
    A. low cost
    B. wide coverage
    C. limited audience
    D. high cost
    Answer: D
  4. The exchange of goods for money is
    A. sales
    B. purchase
    C. barter
    D. production
    Answer: A
  5. One major importance of marketing to a nation is
    A. reduced consumption
    B. employment creation
    C. government interference
    D. inflation
    Answer: B
  6. An approach that focuses on satisfying customer needs is the
    A. selling concept
    B. product concept
    C. marketing concept
    D. production concept
    Answer: C
  7. The movement of goods from producers to consumers is
    A. communication
    B. promotion
    C. distribution
    D. branding
    Answer: C
  8. The product life cycle has how many major stages?
    A. 2
    B. 3
    C. 4
    D. 5
    Answer: D
  9. In marketing, the term “target market” means
    A. the region of highest demand
    B. the largest number of buyers
    C. the specific group to serve
    D. the area for producers
    Answer: C
  10. A pricing method based on the cost of production plus a percentage profit is
    A. marginal pricing
    B. cost-plus pricing
    C. psychological pricing
    D. prestige pricing
    Answer: B

41–50 Marketing Past Questions | WAEC, NECO, GCE and JAMB

  1. A situation where the demand for a product is greater than supply results in
    A. shortage
    B. equilibrium
    C. surplus
    D. inflation
    Answer: A
  2. Which of the following is an indirect channel of distribution?
    A. Producer → Consumer
    B. Producer → Retailer → Consumer
    C. Producer → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer
    D. Producer → Agent → Retailer → Consumer
    Answer: C
  3. Which of the following is a social responsibility of marketers?
    A. Profit maximization
    B. Consumer exploitation
    C. Ethical advertising
    D. Market monopoly
    Answer: C
  4. Which activity comes first in marketing planning?
    A. Promotion
    B. Distribution
    C. Market research
    D. Pricing
    Answer: C
  5. A manufacturer uses branding to
    A. increase market confusion
    B. prevent customer loyalty
    C. identify his product
    D. increase government revenue
    Answer: C
  6. Goods produced for final consumption are
    A. industrial goods
    B. capital goods
    C. consumer goods
    D. branded goods
    Answer: C
  7. Which of the following is not part of marketing mix?
    A. Product
    B. Price
    C. Partnership
    D. Place
    Answer: C
  8. Retailers sell goods to
    A. manufacturers
    B. wholesalers
    C. final consumers
    D. middlemen
    Answer: C
  9. What makes it possible for products to be available when needed?
    A. Place utility
    B. Time utility
    C. Form utility
    D. Use utility
    Answer: B
  10. Public relations help a company to
    A. produce more
    B. cut cost
    C. improve image
    D. increase taxes
    Answer: C

Marketing past questions

Marketing Past Questions Objectives (51–100)

Each question has four options (A–D), with the correct answer

51–60

  1. Which of the following is a function of wholesalers?
    A. Producing raw materials
    B. Providing goods in bulk
    C. Selling directly to consumers
    D. Organizing advertisements
    Answer: B
  2. Which pricing strategy involves setting a high price initially?
    A. Cost-plus pricing
    B. Penetration pricing
    C. Psychological pricing
    D. Skimming pricing
    Answer: D
  3. The reward for distributing goods is known as
    A. interest
    B. rent
    C. profit
    D. commission
    Answer: D
  4. The promotion mix consists of personal selling, sales promotion, advertising, and
    A. packaging
    B. pricing
    C. public relations
    D. branding
    Answer: C
  5. The role of marketing in production includes
    A. reducing labour
    B. identifying consumer needs
    C. decreasing demand
    D. storing raw materials
    Answer: B
  6. A product that has no close substitute is said to be
    A. a specialty product
    B. unique
    C. luxury
    D. inferior
    Answer: B
  7. The right to be informed is a
    A. consumer right
    B. retailer duty
    C. manufacturer’s privilege
    D. legal offense
    Answer: A
  8. Advertising that educates the public about issues is called
    A. informative advertising
    B. persuasive advertising
    C. competitive advertising
    D. institutional advertising
    Answer: A
  9. Which of the following promotes goodwill and reputation?
    A. Public relations
    B. Personal selling
    C. Packaging
    D. Branding
    Answer: A
  10. An example of a consumer product is
    A. industrial machine
    B. tractor
    C. toothpaste
    D. generator for factory use
    Answer: C

61–70 Marketing Past Questions | WAEC, NECO, GCE and JAMB

  1. Which of the following is a limitation of personal selling?
    A. Inflexibility
    B. Two-way communication
    C. High cost per contact
    D. Limited product knowledge
    Answer: C
  2. A display of goods in an attractive manner is called
    A. branding
    B. merchandising
    C. advertising
    D. warehousing
    Answer: B
  3. The process of deciding the best method of presenting a product is
    A. packaging
    B. pricing
    C. branding
    D. designing
    Answer: A
  4. A good market has all the following characteristics except
    A. buyers and sellers
    B. regular demand
    C. regular supply
    D. unstable prices
    Answer: D
  5. What is the first stage in the product life cycle?
    A. Growth
    B. Decline
    C. Introduction
    D. Maturity
    Answer: C
  6. The process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting data is
    A. branding
    B. market research
    C. sales promotion
    D. market segmentation
    Answer: B
  7. The total number of products a company offers is known as its
    A. product mix
    B. product line
    C. product depth
    D. product width
    Answer: A
  8. Which of the following is used to store goods for future use?
    A. Display shelf
    B. Warehouse
    C. Packaging unit
    D. Showroom
    Answer: B
  9. Marketing activities aimed at a specific group are called
    A. mass marketing
    B. indirect marketing
    C. target marketing
    D. brand marketing
    Answer: C
  10. Which of these is not a characteristic of a good brand name?
    A. Long and complicated
    B. Memorable
    C. Unique
    D. Easy to pronounce
    Answer: A

71–80 Marketing Past Questions | WAEC, NECO, GCE and JAMB

  1. Which of these advertising media is most suitable for the illiterate population?
    A. Newspaper
    B. Radio
    C. Internet
    D. Magazine
    Answer: B
  2. A key feature of mass marketing is
    A. personalized messages
    B. segmentation
    C. wide audience reach
    D. direct selling
    Answer: C
  3. An agent who acts on behalf of a principal is known as
    A. a broker
    B. a retailer
    C. a consumer
    D. a seller
    Answer: A
  4. One of the advantages of personal selling is that it
    A. is impersonal
    B. encourages two-way communication
    C. is the cheapest form of promotion
    D. does not require trained personnel
    Answer: B
  5. The main aim of packaging is to
    A. reduce labor
    B. protect and preserve goods
    C. increase taxation
    D. replace branding
    Answer: B
  6. The type of pricing that ends with .99 or .95 is called
    A. prestige pricing
    B. psychological pricing
    C. promotional pricing
    D. mark-up pricing
    Answer: B
  7. The middleman who brings buyers and sellers together is a
    A. retailer
    B. broker
    C. agent
    D. wholesaler
    Answer: B
  8. Which of the following is a controllable element in the marketing environment?
    A. Economic trend
    B. Marketing mix
    C. Government policy
    D. Competition
    Answer: B
  9. The process of dividing the market into groups is
    A. market concentration
    B. market segmentation
    C. market analysis
    D. product classification
    Answer: B
  10. A good advertisement must be
    A. confusing
    B. emotional
    C. misleading
    D. persuasive
    Answer: D

81–90 Marketing Past Questions | WAEC, NECO, GCE and JAMB

  1. When a product is in the decline stage, the marketer may
    A. increase investment
    B. maintain heavy promotion
    C. withdraw the product
    D. raise the price
    Answer: C
  2. Which of the following is not an advertising medium?
    A. Billboard
    B. Television
    C. Road
    D. Newspaper
    Answer: C
  3. A major benefit of branding to consumers is
    A. discouraging product loyalty
    B. causing confusion
    C. identifying preferred products
    D. increasing price only
    Answer: C
  4. The best promotional tool for introducing a new product is
    A. personal selling
    B. sales promotion
    C. direct mail
    D. billboard
    Answer: B
  5. Which of the following is not a characteristic of effective marketing?
    A. Customer focus
    B. Profit orientation
    C. Product orientation
    D. Innovation
    Answer: C
  6. Which of the following involves measuring the success of marketing activities?
    A. Sales forecasting
    B. Marketing evaluation
    C. Market segmentation
    D. Branding
    Answer: B
  7. Which of the following is not a function of retailers?
    A. Selling to final consumers
    B. Offering after-sales services
    C. Selling raw materials
    D. Displaying goods
    Answer: C
  8. The process of introducing new products to the market is
    A. innovation
    B. marketing control
    C. promotion
    D. branding
    Answer: A
  9. In marketing, a threat from competitors is part of
    A. internal audit
    B. SWOT analysis
    C. product development
    D. market segmentation
    Answer: B
  10. An example of after-sales service is
    A. free delivery
    B. wholesale pricing
    C. branding
    D. warehousing
    Answer: A

91–100 Marketing Past Questions | WAEC, NECO, GCE and JAMB

  1. The marketing mix variable that affects revenue directly is
    A. price
    B. product
    C. promotion
    D. place
    Answer: A
  2. The unique name or symbol that identifies a product is its
    A. label
    B. logo
    C. brand
    D. sign
    Answer: C
  3. A firm uses public relations mainly to
    A. boost immediate sales
    B. improve brand image
    C. increase product cost
    D. control market supply
    Answer: B
  4. Which of the following pricing methods is based on competition?
    A. Competitive pricing
    B. Skimming pricing
    C. Cost-plus pricing
    D. Penetration pricing
    Answer: A
  5. Goods that are bought frequently with little planning are
    A. capital goods
    B. specialty goods
    C. industrial goods
    D. convenience goods
    Answer: D
  6. Sales forecast is useful for
    A. long-term planning
    B. distribution
    C. branding
    D. promotion
    Answer: A
  7. A good label should contain all the following except
    A. brand name
    B. directions for use
    C. customer’s address
    D. ingredients
    Answer: C
  8. Which of the following is not a component of marketing research?
    A. Problem definition
    B. Data collection
    C. Product design
    D. Report writing
    Answer: C
  9. One major reason for consumer protection is to
    A. reduce advertising cost
    B. ensure fair pricing
    C. increase profit
    D. reduce production
    Answer: B
  10. One of the roles of government in marketing is
    A. brand creation
    B. market regulation
    C. market segmentation
    D. personal selling
    Answer: B

Marketing Past Questions | for WAEC, NECO, GCE and JAMB Theory section

1. Define marketing.

Answer: Marketing is the process of identifying, anticipating, and satisfying customers’ needs and wants profitably through the creation, promotion, pricing, and distribution of goods and services.

2. List five functions of marketing.

Answer:

  1. Product development
  2. Pricing
  3. Promotion
  4. Distribution
  5. Market research

3. What is market segmentation?

Answer: Market segmentation is the process of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers with similar needs, characteristics, or behavior, who might require separate marketing strategies or mixes.

4. State four characteristics of a good product.

Answer:

  1. High quality
  2. Attractive packaging
  3. Reliable performance
  4. Affordable price

5. Mention three advantages of branding.

Answer:

  1. Builds customer loyalty
  2. Differentiates products
  3. Enables premium pricing

6. Explain the term ‘promotion mix’.

Answer: The promotion mix refers to a combination of promotional tools used by a business to inform, persuade, and remind customers about its products or services. It includes advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, public relations, and direct marketing.

7. State five elements of the marketing mix.

Answer:

  1. Product
  2. Price
  3. Place
  4. Promotion
  5. People

8. Differentiate between direct and indirect channels of distribution.

Answer:

  • Direct channel involves selling directly from producer to consumer without intermediaries.
  • Indirect channel involves using intermediaries like wholesalers and retailers before reaching the consumer.

9. List four types of advertising media.

Answer:

  1. Television
  2. Radio
  3. Newspapers
  4. Internet

10. What is product life cycle?

Answer: Product life cycle refers to the stages a product goes through from its introduction to the market until its decline or withdrawal. The stages are: Introduction, Growth, Maturity, and Decline.

11. Explain ‘penetration pricing’.

Answer: Penetration pricing is a strategy where a company sets a low initial price for a new product to attract customers and gain market share quickly.

12. State three reasons for packaging a product.

Answer:

  1. To protect the product from damage
  2. To provide information
  3. To make the product attractive

13. Define personal selling.

Answer: Personal selling is a form of promotion that involves direct communication between a sales representative and a potential customer with the aim of making a sale.

14. Differentiate between a retailer and a wholesaler.

Answer:

  • A retailer sells goods in small quantities directly to final consumers.
  • A wholesaler buys goods in bulk from producers and sells them in smaller lots to retailers.

15. What is public relations?

Answer: Public relations is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and the public, often used to maintain a positive image.

16. List three types of pricing strategies.

Answer:

  1. Penetration pricing
  2. Skimming pricing
  3. Competitive pricing

17. Explain the term ‘consumer behavior’.

Answer: Consumer behavior refers to the actions and decision processes of individuals and households in purchasing and using products, including psychological and social factors that influence buying decisions.

18. State four benefits of marketing to society.

Answer:

  1. Creates job opportunities
  2. Encourages competition and innovation
  3. Provides goods and services
  4. Improves standard of living

19. What is a target market?

Answer: A target market is a specific group of consumers at whom a company aims its products and marketing efforts.

20. List any four limitations of marketing in a developing economy.

Answer:

  1. Poor infrastructure
  2. Low consumer income
  3. Inadequate market research
  4. Unstable economic conditions

READ ALSO – Accounting Past Questions | WAEC, NECO, GCE and JAMB objectives and theories

Conclusion

In preparing for Marketing exams such as WAEC, NECO, GCE, and JAMB, it is crucial to master both objective and theory questions. The 100 multiple-choice questions and 20 theory questions provided in this post offer comprehensive coverage of essential marketing concepts, including product development, pricing strategies, promotion mix, consumer behavior, branding, and distribution channels. Regular practice with these past questions helps students develop a deeper understanding of the subject, improve exam speed, and gain confidence. Keep revising, stay focused, and you will excel in your upcoming Marketing examinations.

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