List of South American Countries and their Capitals – [Full List]

The list of South American countries and their capitals is essential for understanding the political and geographic landscape of this diverse and vibrant continent. South America, located mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, is home to 12 independent countries, each with its own unique culture, government, and capital city. From the high-altitude charm of La Paz in Bolivia to the coastal beauty of Buenos Aires in Argentina, the capitals of South America reflect the continent’s rich historical background, colonial influences, and modern growth. Whether you are a student, traveler, or researcher, knowing these countries and their capitals helps deepen your appreciation of South America’s global importance and cultural diversity.

List of countries in South America and thier Capitals
South America map

Meaning

South America is a continent located primarily in the Southern and Western Hemispheres, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It comprises 12 independent countries, each with its own capital city, forming a diverse region rich in culture, history, and natural resources.

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List of South American Countries and Their Capitals

South America is the fourth-largest continent, known for its diverse landscapes, rich cultures, and vibrant economies. It consists of 12 sovereign countries and a few territories. Below is a complete list of the countries in South America along with their capitals.

CountryCapital
ArgentinaBuenos Aires
BoliviaSucre (constitutional), La Paz (seat of government)
BrazilBrasília
ChileSantiago
ColombiaBogotá
EcuadorQuito
GuyanaGeorgetown
ParaguayAsunción
PeruLima
SurinameParamaribo
UruguayMontevideo
VenezuelaCaracas

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Interesting Facts About South America

  • Largest Country: Brazil (8.5 million km², covering nearly half of South America)
  • Smallest Country: Suriname (163,820 km²)
  • Most Populous Country: Brazil (~215 million people)
  • Least Populous Country: Suriname (~600,000 people)
  • Highest Capital City: La Paz, Bolivia (3,640 meters above sea level)
  • Most Spoken Languages: Spanish, Portuguese, and indigenous languages

Natural Wonders of South American Countries

1. Amazon Rainforest (Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and more):
The Amazon Rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, spanning over nine countries in South America, with the majority located in Brazil. It is home to an estimated 390 billion individual trees and millions of species of plants, animals, and insects. The Amazon plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s climate and serves as a massive carbon sink. Its unparalleled biodiversity and ecological importance make it one of the most vital and awe-inspiring natural wonders on the planet.

2. Andes Mountains (Stretching through seven countries):
The Andes is the longest continental mountain range in the world, running through Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. This majestic range is home to some of the highest peaks outside of Asia, including Mount Aconcagua, which stands at 6,960 meters (22,837 feet). The Andes also cradle ancient civilizations, such as the Inca Empire, and provide striking landscapes from snow-capped peaks to highland plains.

3. Angel Falls (Venezuela):
Located in the Canaima National Park of Venezuela, Angel Falls is the world’s tallest uninterrupted waterfall, with a plunge of 979 meters (3,212 feet). Named after Jimmy Angel, the American aviator who first flew over it in 1933, the falls cascade from the Auyán-tepui mountain, creating a breathtaking and almost mystical natural scene. It is one of Venezuela’s most iconic landmarks and a major attraction for nature lovers and adventurers alike.

4. Atacama Desert (Chile):
The Atacama Desert, located in northern Chile, is considered the driest non-polar desert in the world. Some weather stations in the region have never recorded rainfall. Despite its arid conditions, the Atacama is rich in mineral resources and features otherworldly landscapes—salt flats, lunar valleys, geysers, and colored lagoons. Its clear skies and low humidity also make it one of the best places on Earth for astronomical observations.

5. Iguazu Falls (Argentina & Brazil):
Straddling the border between Argentina and Brazil, Iguazu Falls is one of the largest and most spectacular waterfall systems in the world. Comprising over 270 individual falls, the system stretches nearly 3 kilometers (1.86 miles). The sheer volume, power, and beauty of the falls—particularly the Devil’s Throat (Garganta del Diablo)—make Iguazu one of the most visited and photographed natural wonders in South America.

Summary on these wonders

Amazon Rainforest – The world’s largest rainforest, covering several countries.
Andes Mountains – The longest continental mountain range in the world.
Angel Falls (Venezuela) – The highest waterfall on Earth.
Atacama Desert (Chile) – The driest desert in the world.
Iguazu Falls (Argentina & Brazil) – One of the most stunning waterfall systems globally.

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Conclusion

South America is a continent full of historical depth, cultural richness, and breathtaking natural wonders. With 12 distinct countries, each boasting its own capital and cultural identity, the region offers a tapestry of experiences—from the vast biodiversity of the Amazon rainforest to the ancient ruins of Machu Picchu, and from the vibrant carnivals of Brazil to the architectural elegance of Buenos Aires. Understanding the countries and their capitals not only enhances geographical knowledge but also deepens appreciation for the political, social, and economic significance of the region. Whether you’re exploring South America for academic, travel, or cultural purposes, this diverse continent continues to inspire curiosity and global connection.

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Basic Revision Questions for Students

  1. What is the capital of Peru?
  2. How many countries are there in South America?
  3. What is the capital of Brazil?
  4. Which country has Buenos Aires as its capital?
  5. Name the smallest country in South America by land area.
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