List of European Countries and their Capitals [Complete List]

Europe, a continent steeped in history, vibrant culture, and breathtaking diversity, is home to 44 sovereign countries, each with its own distinct identity. At the heart of every country lies its capital city, a bustling metropolis that serves as the political, economic, and cultural nucleus. From the grandeur of London to the romance of Paris, and from the ancient ruins of Athens to the modern architecture of Berlin, each capital city offers a unique glimpse into the country’s rich heritage and traditions. In this blog post, we’ll take you on a journey through the complete list of European countries and their capitals, organized alphabetically for easy reference, providing you with a comprehensive guide to the continent’s fascinating diversity.

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List of European Countries and their Capitals in a tabular format:

Country	Capital
Albania	Tirana
Andorra	Andorra la Vella
Armenia	Yerevan
Austria	Vienna
Belarus	Minsk
Belgium	Brussels
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo
Bulgaria	Sofia
Croatia	Zagreb
Cyprus	Nicosia
Estonia	Tallinn
Finland	Helsinki
France	Paris
Georgia	Tbilisi
Germany	Berlin
Greece	Athens
Hungary	Budapest
Iceland	Reykjavik
Ireland	Dublin
Italy	Rome
Kazakhstan	Astana (Nur-Sultan)
Kosovo	Pristina
Latvia	Riga
Liechtenstein	Vaduz
Lithuania	Vilnius
Luxembourg	Luxembourg City
Malta	Valletta
Moldova	Chișinău
Monaco	Monaco
Montenegro	Podgorica
Netherlands	Amsterdam
North Macedonia	Skopje
Norway	Oslo
Poland	Warsaw
Portugal	Lisbon
Romania	Bucharest
Russia	Moscow
San Marino	San Marino
Serbia	Belgrade
Slovakia	Bratislava
Slovenia	Ljubljana
Spain	Madrid
Sweden	Stockholm
Switzerland	Bern
Turkey	Ankara
Ukraine	Kyiv
United Kingdom	London
Vatican City	Vatican City

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44 list of European countries and their capitals, with location and description

1. Albania – Tirana (Europe, Southeastern Europe): Known for its ancient history and stunning beaches, Albania is a hidden gem. Tirana, the capital, is famous for its colorful buildings and lively atmosphere.
2. Andorra – Andorra la Vella (Europe, Southwestern Europe): A tiny principality nestled in the Pyrenees, Andorra is a duty-free haven and popular ski resort.
3. Armenia – Yerevan (Europe/Asia, South Caucasus): With a rich history dating back to ancient times, Armenia is known for its stunning churches and monasteries.
4. Austria – Vienna (Europe, Central Europe): Famous for its grand palaces, opera houses, and rich cultural heritage, Austria is a country steeped in history.
5. Azerbaijan – Baku (Europe/Asia, South Caucasus): A country straddling Europe and Asia, Azerbaijan is known for its stunning natural beauty and rich oil reserves.
6. Belarus – Minsk (Europe, Eastern Europe): A country with a complex history, Belarus is known for its stunning castles and Soviet-era architecture.
7. Belgium – Brussels (Europe, Western Europe): Known for its delicious chocolate, beer, and waffles, Belgium is a foodie’s paradise.
8. Bosnia and Herzegovina – Sarajevo (Europe, Southeastern Europe): A country with a complex history, Bosnia and Herzegovina is known for its stunning natural beauty and rich cultural heritage.
9. Bulgaria – Sofia (Europe, Southeastern Europe): With a rich history dating back to ancient times, Bulgaria is known for its stunning churches and monasteries.
10. Croatia – Zagreb (Europe, Southeastern Europe): A country known for its stunning coastline and medieval towns, Croatia is a popular tourist destination.
11. Cyprus – Nicosia (Europe, Eastern Mediterranean): An island nation in the eastern Mediterranean, Cyprus is known for its stunning beaches and rich history.
12. Czech Republic – Prague (Europe, Central Europe): Famous for its stunning architecture, beer, and rich cultural heritage, the Czech Republic is a popular tourist destination.
13. Denmark – Copenhagen (Europe, Northern Europe): A country known for its stunning coastline, vibrant culture, and delicious cuisine, Denmark is a popular destination.
14. Estonia – Tallinn (Europe, Northeastern Europe): A country known for its stunning natural beauty and digital innovation, Estonia is a popular destination for tech enthusiasts.
15. Finland – Helsinki (Europe, Northern Europe): Famous for its stunning natural beauty, design, and education system, Finland is a popular destination.
16. France – Paris (Europe, Western Europe): The “City of Light” is famous for its stunning architecture, art museums, and romantic atmosphere.
17. Georgia – Tbilisi (Europe/Asia, South Caucasus): A country known for its stunning natural beauty, rich history, and delicious cuisine, Georgia is a hidden gem.
18. Germany – Berlin (Europe, Central Europe): A country with a complex history, Germany is known for its vibrant culture, stunning architecture, and rich history.
19. Greece – Athens (Europe, Southeastern Europe): The cradle of Western civilization, Greece is known for its stunning ancient ruins and delicious cuisine.
20. Hungary – Budapest (Europe, Central Europe): A country known for its stunning architecture, rich history, and thermal baths, Hungary is a popular destination.
21. Iceland – Reykjavik (Europe, Northern Europe): Known for its stunning natural beauty, hot springs, and Northern Lights, Iceland is a popular destination.
22. Ireland – Dublin (Europe, Northwestern Europe): Famous for its stunning coastline, vibrant culture, and friendly people, Ireland is a popular destination.
23. Italy – Rome (Europe, Southern Europe): Known for its ancient history, art, architecture, and delicious cuisine, Italy is a popular destination.
24. Kazakhstan – Astana (Europe/Asia, Central Asia): A vast country with a mix of European and Asian influences, Kazakhstan is known for its stunning natural beauty and modern architecture.
25. Kosovo – Pristina (Europe, Southeastern Europe): A country with a complex history, Kosovo is known for its stunning natural beauty and rich cultural heritage.
26. Latvia – Riga (Europe, Northeastern Europe): A country known for its stunning natural beauty, art nouveau architecture, and vibrant cultural scene, Latvia is a popular destination.
27. Liechtenstein – Vaduz (Europe, Central Europe): A tiny principality nestled in the Alps, Liechtenstein is known for its stunning natural beauty and tax haven status.
28. Lithuania – Vilnius A country known for its stunning natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene, Lithuania is a popular destination. Vilnius, the capital, is a city with a mix of baroque architecture and modern art.

List of European Countries continue:

29. Luxembourg – Luxembourg City (Europe, Western Europe): A small country known for its stunning natural beauty, financial sector, and rich history, Luxembourg is a popular destination.
30. Malta – Valletta (Europe, Southern Europe): An island nation in the Mediterranean, Malta is known for its stunning coastline, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene.
31. Moldova – Chișinău (Europe, Eastern Europe): A country known for its stunning natural beauty, rich history, and wine production, Moldova is a hidden gem.
32. Monaco – Monaco (Europe, Western Europe): A tiny principality on the French Riviera, Monaco is known for its stunning coastline, casinos, and luxury lifestyle.
33. Montenegro – Podgorica (Europe, Southeastern Europe): A country known for its stunning natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene, Montenegro is a popular destination.
34. Netherlands – Amsterdam (Europe, Western Europe): Famous for its canals, art museums, and liberal attitude, the Netherlands is a popular destination.
35. North Macedonia – Skopje (Europe, Southeastern Europe): A country known for its stunning natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene, North Macedonia is a hidden gem.
36. Norway – Oslo (Europe, Northern Europe): A country known for its stunning natural beauty, vibrant cultural scene, and high standard of living, Norway is a popular destination.
37. Poland – Warsaw (Europe, Central Europe): A country known for its rich history, vibrant cultural scene, and stunning architecture, Poland is a popular destination.
38. Portugal – Lisbon (Europe, Southwestern Europe): Famous for its stunning coastline, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene, Portugal is a popular destination.
39. Romania – Bucharest (Europe, Southeastern Europe): A country known for its stunning natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene, Romania is a hidden gem.
40. Russia – Moscow (Europe/Asia, Eastern Europe): A country known for its stunning architecture, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene, Russia is a popular destination.
41. San Marino – San Marino (Europe, Southern Europe): A tiny republic nestled in the Apennines, San Marino is known for its stunning natural beauty and rich history.
42. Serbia – Belgrade (Europe, Southeastern Europe): A country known for its rich history, vibrant cultural scene, and stunning natural beauty, Serbia is a popular destination.
43. Slovakia – Bratislava (Europe, Central Europe): A country known for its stunning natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene, Slovakia is a hidden gem.
44. Slovenia – Ljubljana (Europe, Central Europe): A country known for its stunning natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene, Slovenia is a popular destination.

Study also: English Speaking Countries in the World | Tabula Format

Interesting Facts About Europe’s Capitals

• Paris, France, is often called the “City of Light” and is known for its iconic landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower and aslo Louvre Museum.
• Reykjavik, Iceland, is the northernmost capital city of any sovereign state in the world.
• Brussels, Belgium, serves as the de facto capital of the European Union (EU), housing the EU Parliament.
• London, United Kingdom, is one of the most famous global cities, known for its Buckingham Palace, Big Ben, and the British Museum.
• Vatican City is the smallest country in the world by both population and land area and is also the center of the Roman Catholic Church.

See Also the complete – List of countries in the world and their Capitals (full list)

Revision questions

1. How many sovereign countries are there in Europe, and how are they organized in this blog post?
2. What is the capital of Iceland, and what makes it unique in terms of its location?
3. Which European country has the capital city of Luxembourg City, and what is notable about this city?
4. Which capital city serves as the de facto capital of the European Union?
5. What are the capitals of Italy and Greece, and which famous landmarks are associated with each city?

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) – List of European countries

1. How many countries are there in Europe?
There are 44 to 50 countries in Europe depending on the definition used. The commonly recognized number is 44 sovereign states according to the United Nations.

2. Which is the largest country in Europe by area?
Russia is the largest country in Europe by area, although part of its territory lies in Asia.

3. Which is the smallest country in Europe?
Vatican City is the smallest country in Europe and also in the world, with an area of just 0.49 km².

4. Which European capital city has the largest population?
Moscow, the capital of Russia, has the largest population of any European capital city.

5. Which European capital is the oldest?
Athens, the capital of Greece, is considered one of the oldest capital cities in Europe, with recorded history dating back over 3,000 years.

6. Which European countries are not part of the European Union (EU)?
Not all European countries belong to the EU. Examples include Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, Ukraine, Belarus, and others.

7. Are all European countries located entirely in Europe?
No, some countries such as Turkey, Russia, and Kazakhstan are transcontinental, meaning part of their land lies in both Europe and Asia.

8. Which is the most visited capital city in Europe?
Paris, the capital of France, is one of the most visited capitals in Europe due to its culture, history, and attractions like the Eiffel Tower.

9. Do all European countries use the Euro (€) as currency?
No, not all European countries use the Euro. For example, the United Kingdom (before Brexit), Switzerland, Denmark, and Norway use their own national currencies.

10. Which European capitals are located on rivers?
Several European capitals are built along rivers, such as London on the Thames, Paris on the Seine, Budapest on the Danube, and Vienna on the Danube.

Conclusion – List of European Countries and their Capitals

Europe is a continent that has played a significant role in shaping world history. From the ancient cities of Athens and Rome to the modern capitals of Berlin and London, the European capitals showcase a rich diversity of cultures, languages, and traditions.

Bookmark this page as a handy reference for your next geography quiz or travel planning!