Geography Past Questions and Answers for WAEC/JAMB

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Mastering Geography Past Questions and Answers for WAEC and JAMB Success

Geography is a fascinating subject that explores the earth, its physical features, climate, and human activities. For students preparing for WAEC (West African Examinations Council) and JAMB (Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board) exams, Geography can be one of the most rewarding subjects if approached correctly. One of the best ways to excel in this subject is by practicing past questions and answers.

In this hall, we’ll highlight the importance of Geography past questions and answers, strategies for using them effectively, and give 100 past questions and answers

Importance of Studying Geography Past Questions and Answers?

  1. Familiarity with Exam Format:
    Geography past questions help you understand the structure of WAEC and JAMB exams, including how questions are framed, the marking scheme, and the expected level of detail in your answers.
  2. Identifying Frequently Tested Topics:
    Exam bodies often repeat questions from key topics. By studying past questions, you’ll notice recurring areas such as map reading, climatic zones, and population studies.
  3. Improving Speed and Accuracy:
    Regular practice with past questions allows you to answer faster and more accurately during the actual exam.
  4. Boosting Confidence:
    Knowing what to expect can significantly reduce exam anxiety and build confidence in your preparation.

Tips for Excelling in WAEC and JAMB Geography

Let me show you some tips for excelling in either WAEC or JAMB geography.

  1. Focus on frequently tested topics like map work, climatic zones, and economic geography.
  2. Use diagrams and maps to enhance your answers where necessary.
  3. Review past questions and answers repeatedly to reinforce your understanding.
  4. Develop strong map-reading skills to excel in practical Geography.
  5. Manage your time effectively during the exam to answer all questions.

Mastering Geography Past Questions and Answers for WAEC and JAMB requires consistent practice and a clear understanding of the subject’s core concepts. By leveraging past questions and answers, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of the exam format, improve your confidence, and increase your chances of success.

Start practicing today, and let Geography be your ticket to academic excellence! What has been your experience with studying past questions? Share your thoughts in the comments below!

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Comprehensive list of 100 Geography past questions and answers grouped into key topics to help you prepare effectively for WAEC and JAMB.

1. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

  1. What are the three main types of rocks?
    Answer: Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
  2. What type of rock is formed from cooling magma?
    Answer: Igneous rocks.
  3. Which process is responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks?
    Answer: Deposition and compaction of sediments.
  4. What is the major cause of desertification in West Africa?
    Answer: Overgrazing, deforestation, and climate change.
  5. Define weathering.
    Answer: The breakdown of rocks into smaller particles by physical, chemical, or biological processes.
  6. What is a delta?
    Answer: A landform created at the mouth of a river where it deposits sediments.
  7. What are the three types of rainfall?
    Answer: Convectional, orographic, and cyclonic rainfall.
  8. Name two features of a limestone region.
    Answer: Caves and sinkholes.
  9. What is a rain shadow?
    Answer: A dry area on the leeward side of a mountain where precipitation is reduced.
  10. What is the main cause of ocean currents?
    Answer: Wind, the Earth’s rotation, and differences in water density.

2. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

  1. What is population density?
    Answer: The number of people per unit area of land.
  2. Name two factors that influence population distribution.
    Answer: Climate and availability of resources.
  3. What is urbanization?
    Answer: The growth of towns and cities as people move from rural to urban areas.
  4. What is migration?
    Answer: The movement of people from one place to another.
  5. Define rural settlement.
    Answer: A settlement with a low population density, primarily engaged in agriculture.
  6. List two advantages of urbanization.
    Answer: Improved infrastructure and better access to social services.
  7. What are push factors in migration?
    Answer: Factors that force people to leave an area, such as poverty or conflict.
  8. Name two types of economic activities.
    Answer: Primary (farming) and secondary (manufacturing).
  9. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources?
    Answer: Renewable resources can be replenished, while non-renewable resources cannot.
  10. What is the role of transportation in economic development?
    Answer: It facilitates the movement of goods and people.

3. REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY (NIGERIA AND AFRICA)

  1. Name two major rivers in Nigeria.
    Answer: River Niger and River Benue.
  2. What is the main vegetation type in northern Nigeria?
    Answer: Sudan savanna.
  3. List two mineral resources found in Nigeria.
    Answer: Crude oil and limestone.
  4. What is the largest desert in Africa?
    Answer: The Sahara Desert.
  5. Name two countries in West Africa.
    Answer: Ghana and Senegal.
  6. What is the major occupation in the savanna region?
    Answer: Cattle rearing and crop farming.
  7. What is the primary export of Nigeria?
    Answer: Crude oil.
  8. Which African river is known as the “father of African rivers”?
    Answer: River Nile.
  9. What is the climate of the equatorial region?
    Answer: Hot and wet throughout the year.
  10. Name one national park in Nigeria.
    Answer: Yankari National Park.

4. PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY

  1. What is a topographic map?
    Answer: A map that shows the physical features of an area using contour lines.
  2. What do contour lines represent on a map?
    Answer: Areas of equal elevation.
  3. What is the scale of a map?
    Answer: The ratio between a distance on the map and the actual distance on the ground.
  4. What does a blue color on a map typically represent?
    Answer: Water bodies.
  5. How is distance measured on a map?
    Answer: Using the map scale.
  6. What is a compass used for?
    Answer: Determining direction.
  7. What is latitude?
    Answer: The distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees.
  8. What is longitude?
    Answer: The distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees.
  9. What are grid references used for?
    Answer: Locating specific points on a map.
  10. Name the four cardinal points.
    Answer: North, South, East, and West.

5. CLIMATOLOGY AND VEGETATION

  1. What is the difference between weather and climate?
    Answer: Weather is the short-term condition of the atmosphere, while climate is the average weather over a long period.
  2. Name two instruments used to measure weather.
    Answer: Thermometer and barometer.
  3. What is a tropical rainforest?
    Answer: A dense forest found in areas with high rainfall and high temperatures.
  4. What is the harmattan?
    Answer: A dry, dusty wind that blows from the Sahara during the dry season.
  5. What is the main cause of rainfall?
    Answer: Condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere.
  6. Define savanna vegetation.
    Answer: Grassland with scattered trees, found in tropical and subtropical regions.
  7. What is the main characteristic of desert vegetation?
    Answer: Plants adapted to survive in dry conditions.
  8. Which region experiences Mediterranean climate?
    Answer: Southern Europe and parts of North Africa.
  9. What is a deciduous forest?
    Answer: A forest where trees shed their leaves seasonally.
  10. What is the importance of vegetation?
    Answer: It provides oxygen, regulates climate, and prevents soil erosion.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

  1. What is the Greenwich Meridian?
    Answer: The prime meridian, located at 0° longitude.
  2. Name two examples of renewable resources.
    Answer: Solar energy and wind energy.
  3. What is the major cause of flooding in urban areas?
    Answer: Poor drainage systems.
  4. What are relief features?
    Answer: The physical features of the earth’s surface, such as mountains and valleys.
  5. What is the Coriolis effect?
    Answer: The deflection of winds due to the Earth’s rotation.

6. ADVANCED CLIMATOLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES

  1. What is the ozone layer?
    Answer: A layer in the Earth’s stratosphere that absorbs most of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation.
  2. What are isobars?
    Answer: Lines on a weather map connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure.
  3. Define humidity.
    Answer: The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.
  4. What is the difference between absolute and relative humidity?
    Answer: Absolute humidity is the actual amount of water vapor in the air, while relative humidity is the percentage of water vapor relative to the air’s capacity.
  5. Name two causes of global warming.
    Answer: Deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels.
  6. What is a cyclone?
    Answer: A large system of winds rotating inward to an area of low atmospheric pressure.
  7. What are the characteristics of a Mediterranean climate?
    Answer: Hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
  8. What is the main characteristic of the equatorial climate?
    Answer: High temperatures and high rainfall throughout the year.
  9. What is a monsoon?
    Answer: A seasonal wind that brings heavy rainfall to certain regions, particularly in South Asia.
  10. What is a temperature inversion?
    Answer: A reversal of the normal decrease in temperature with altitude.

7. ECONOMIC AND AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY

  1. What is subsistence farming?
    Answer: Farming that provides food primarily for the farmer’s family.
  2. Define mixed farming.
    Answer: A farming system that combines crop cultivation with livestock rearing.
  3. What is crop rotation?
    Answer: The practice of growing different crops on the same land in successive seasons to maintain soil fertility.
  4. Name two major cash crops grown in Nigeria.
    Answer: Cocoa and oil palm.
  5. What is irrigation?
    Answer: The artificial application of water to crops.
  6. What is the Green Revolution?
    Answer: A period when agriculture was modernized through the use of high-yielding seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation.
  7. List two disadvantages of deforestation.
    Answer: Loss of biodiversity and increased soil erosion.
  8. What is the main benefit of agroforestry?
    Answer: It helps conserve soil and improve biodiversity while producing crops.
  9. What is the significance of trade in economic geography?
    Answer: Trade facilitates the exchange of goods and services and promotes economic growth.
  10. Name two modes of transport used in trade.
    Answer: Road and maritime transport.

8. MAP READING AND INTERPRETATION

  1. What is a choropleth map?
    Answer: A map that uses shading or colors to represent data density in specific areas.
  2. What is an atlas?
    Answer: A collection of maps.
  3. Define scale in map reading.
    Answer: The relationship between a distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground.
  4. What is a geographic information system (GIS)?
    Answer: A computer-based tool used for mapping and analyzing spatial data.
  5. What is the significance of map symbols?
    Answer: They represent various features on a map, such as rivers, roads, and settlements.
  6. What is relief on a map?
    Answer: The representation of the physical features of the land surface.
  7. What do vertical lines on a map represent?
    Answer: Longitudes.
  8. What is a contour interval?
    Answer: The vertical distance between two consecutive contour lines.
  9. What does a green color on a map typically represent?
    Answer: Vegetation or forested areas.
  10. What is the function of a key or legend on a map?
    Answer: To explain the meaning of symbols used on the map.

9. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY

  1. What is environmental degradation?
    Answer: The deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources, pollution, or destruction of ecosystems.
  2. Name two types of pollution.
    Answer: Air pollution and water pollution.
  3. What is biodiversity?
    Answer: The variety of life in an ecosystem.
  4. What are natural resources?
    Answer: Resources that occur naturally in the environment, such as water, forests, and minerals.
  5. What is sustainable development?
    Answer: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.
  6. What is afforestation?
    Answer: Planting trees in areas where there were no previous forests.
  7. List two effects of oil spillage.
    Answer: Soil infertility and water pollution.
  8. What is desertification?
    Answer: The process by which fertile land becomes desert due to drought or human activities.
  9. What is an ecosystem?
    Answer: A community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.
  10. Name two causes of water pollution.
    Answer: Industrial waste and agricultural runoff.

10. TIME AND EARTH’S MOTION

  1. What is the shape of the Earth?
    Answer: An oblate spheroid.
  2. What is the significance of the International Date Line?
    Answer: It separates two consecutive calendar days.
  3. What causes day and night?
    Answer: The rotation of the Earth on its axis.
  4. How many time zones are there on Earth?
    Answer: 24 time zones.
  5. What is the duration of one Earth’s revolution around the sun?
    Answer: Approximately 365.25 days.

These 100 Geography questions and answers cover all major topics and are ideal for WAEC/JAMB preparation. Let me know if you’d like a downloadable version or need additional resources! Reach out to us from our contact page

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