Geography in JAMB tests candidates’ understanding of physical features, human activities, environmental processes, and map reading. Practicing past questions helps candidates recognize recurring themes and improve accuracy in the examination. This Geography JAMB Past Questions and Answers will help you prepare.
Section 1: Geography JAMB Past Questions 1–10
Most repeated Geography JAMB Past Questions and Answers:
1. Geography is best defined as the study of:
a) Human behavior
b) The earth and its physical and human features
c) Government systems
d) Economic activities only
Answer: b) The earth and its physical and human features
2. Which of the following is a branch of physical geography?
a) Population geography
b) Economic geography
c) Climatology
d) Political geography
Answer: c) Climatology
3. Latitude is measured in:
a) Kilometres
b) Degrees
c) Metres
d) Miles
Answer: b) Degrees
4. The imaginary line that divides the Earth into Northern and Southern hemispheres is the:
a) Tropic of Cancer
b) Tropic of Capricorn
c) Prime Meridian
d) Equator
Answer: d) Equator
5. The Prime Meridian passes through:
a) Paris
b) Rome
c) Greenwich
d) Berlin
Answer: c) Greenwich
6. Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
a) Thermometer
b) Barometer
c) Anemometer
d) Rain gauge
Answer: b) Barometer
7. The main source of river water is:
a) Ocean
b) Underground water
c) Rainfall
d) Glaciers
Answer: c) Rainfall
8. A map is best described as:
a) A photograph of the earth
b) A drawing of the sky
c) A reduced representation of the earth’s surface
d) A globe
Answer: c) A reduced representation of the earth’s surface
9. Which of the following is a natural vegetation type?
a) Plantation
b) Forest
c) Farmland
d) Settlement
Answer: b) Forest
10. Weather refers to:
a) Average atmospheric condition over many years
b) Daily condition of the atmosphere
c) Climate zone
d) Seasonal change
Answer: b) Daily condition of the atmosphere
Section 2: Geography JAMB Past Questions 11–20
Most repeated Geography JAMB Past Questions and Answers:
11. Climate refers to:
a) Daily weather conditions
b) Average weather conditions over a long period
c) Wind direction
d) Rainfall only
Answer: b) Average weather conditions over a long period
12. Which gas is most abundant in the atmosphere?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: c) Nitrogen
13. The instrument used to measure rainfall is the:
a) Thermometer
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Hygrometer
Answer: c) Rain gauge
14. The layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth is the:
a) Stratosphere
b) Mesosphere
c) Troposphere
d) Ionosphere
Answer: c) Troposphere
15. A river divides into distributaries at its:
a) Source
b) Course
c) Mouth
d) Valley
Answer: c) Mouth
16. Which of the following is a fold mountain?
a) Mount Kilimanjaro
b) Mount Everest
c) Mount Cameroon
d) Mount Etna
Answer: b) Mount Everest
17. Desert regions are characterized by:
a) High rainfall
b) Dense vegetation
c) Low rainfall
d) Heavy snowfall
Answer: c) Low rainfall
18. The movement of people from rural to urban areas is called:
a) Immigration
b) Emigration
c) Urbanization
d) Suburbanization
Answer: c) Urbanization
19. Which of the following is an example of renewable resource?
a) Coal
b) Crude oil
c) Solar energy
d) Natural gas
Answer: c) Solar energy
20. Soil erosion is mainly caused by:
a) Weathering
b) Wind and water
c) Earthquake
d) Volcanic eruption
Answer: b) Wind and water
Section 3: Questions 21–30
Most repeated Geography JAMB Past Questions and Answers:
21. The wearing away of rocks in their original position is known as:
a) Erosion
b) Weathering
c) Deposition
d) Transportation
Answer: b) Weathering
22. Which of the following is a human activity affecting the environment?
a) Earthquake
b) Volcanic eruption
c) Deforestation
d) Rainfall
Answer: c) Deforestation
23. Population density refers to:
a) Total population of a country
b) Number of people per unit area
c) Birth rate
d) Death rate
Answer: b) Number of people per unit area
24. Which occupation depends directly on the natural environment?
a) Banking
b) Teaching
c) Farming
d) Trading
Answer: c) Farming
25. A map scale shows:
a) Direction
b) Distance
c) Height
d) Population
Answer: b) Distance
26. The longest river in Africa is the:
a) Congo River
b) Niger River
c) Nile River
d) Zambezi River
Answer: c) Nile River
27. Which type of rainfall is common in equatorial regions?
a) Relief rainfall
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Orographic rainfall
Answer: b) Convectional rainfall
28. The grinding action of rivers on their beds is called:
a) Attrition
b) Abrasion
c) Corrosion
d) Solution
Answer: b) Abrasion
29. Which factor affects climate most?
a) Latitude
b) Population
c) Soil
d) Vegetation only
Answer: a) Latitude
30. A settlement refers to:
a) A farm
b) A place where people live
c) A factory
d) A market
Answer: b) A place where people live
Section 4: Questions 31–40
Most repeated Geography JAMB Past Questions and Answers:
31. Rural settlements are mainly associated with:
a) Industry
b) Commerce
c) Agriculture
d) Mining only
Answer: c) Agriculture
32. Which of the following is a function of a river?
a) Communication barrier
b) Transportation route
c) Climate control
d) Soil formation only
Answer: b) Transportation route
33. The main agent of erosion in deserts is:
a) Water
b) Ice
c) Wind
d) Rivers
Answer: c) Wind
34. A plateau is best described as:
a) A lowland
b) A steep mountain
c) An elevated flat land
d) A valley
Answer: c) An elevated flat land
35. Which of the following is an artificial feature?
a) River
b) Mountain
c) Road
d) Valley
Answer: c) Road
36. Overpopulation can lead to:
a) Improved living standards
b) Environmental degradation
c) Abundant resources
d) Reduced unemployment
Answer: b) Environmental degradation
37. The process by which sediments are laid down is called:
a) Erosion
b) Transportation
c) Deposition
d) Weathering
Answer: c) Deposition
38. A contour line on a map joins points of equal:
a) Distance
b) Height
c) Temperature
d) Population
Answer: b) Height
39. Which of the following is a climatic element?
a) Soil
b) Vegetation
c) Temperature
d) Relief
Answer: c) Temperature
40. The main cause of seasons is the:
a) Shape of the earth
b) Revolution of the earth
c) Rotation of the earth
d) Distance from the sun
Answer: b) Revolution of the earth
Section 5: Questions 41–50
Most repeated Geography JAMB Past Questions and Answers:
41. The movement of the earth on its axis is called:
a) Revolution
b) Rotation
c) Translation
d) Orbit
Answer: b) Rotation
42. Which of the following countries is in West Africa?
a) Kenya
b) Nigeria
c) Egypt
d) South Africa
Answer: b) Nigeria
43. Mining is classified as a:
a) Primary activity
b) Secondary activity
c) Tertiary activity
d) Quaternary activity
Answer: a) Primary activity
44. The removal of forest cover is known as:
a) Afforestation
b) Reforestation
c) Deforestation
d) Conservation
Answer: c) Deforestation
45. Which soil type is best for agriculture?
a) Sandy soil
b) Clay soil
c) Loamy soil
d) Rocky soil
Answer: c) Loamy soil
46. The largest ocean in the world is the:
a) Atlantic Ocean
b) Indian Ocean
c) Pacific Ocean
d) Arctic Ocean
Answer: c) Pacific Ocean
47. Which of the following affects population distribution?
a) Climate
b) Relief
c) Economic activities
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
48. A drought is caused mainly by:
a) Excess rainfall
b) Prolonged dry season
c) Flooding
d) Cyclones
Answer: b) Prolonged dry season
49. Which map shows natural features such as rivers and mountains?
a) Political map
b) Topographical map
c) Climate map
d) Population map
Answer: b) Topographical map
50. Geography helps us to understand:
a) Only maps
b) Human and environmental interactions
c) Politics only
d) Economic theory
Answer: b) Human and environmental interactions
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