Divisions Of Angiosperm | Dicotyledonous Plants

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Hi, welcome to this blog on the topic, Divisions of Angiosperm in agriculture.

Table Of Contents

  1. Divisions of Angiosperm
  2. Dicotyledonous plants and characteristics
  3. Monocotyledonous plants and characteristics
  4. Differences between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants

DIVISIONS OF ANGIOSPERM: Angiosperm can be subdivided into two classes according to the number of seed leaves (cotyledon) these are dicotyledonous plants and monocotyledonous plants.

Characteristics Of Angiosperm

  1. They are the most complex green flowering plants.
  2. They are vascular plants.
  3. They also have well developed and complete flower.
  4. They are seed plants with seeds enclosed in the fruit.
  5. They are mainly terrestrial plants.
  6. They show more specialized reproductive mechanism involving pollination and fertilization.

1. Dicotyledonous Plants

Characteristics of dicotyledonous plants

  • They bear seeds which have two seed leaves or cotyledons.
  • The vascular bundles of each stem are arranged in a regular pattern.
  • Their floral parts exist in groups of four or five.
  • The leaves have veins arranged in branched network.
  • They have tap root system.
  • They usually undergo secondary growth.
  • Examples include mango, Orange, cowpea, groundnut, balsam plant.

2. Monocotyledonous Plants

Characteristics of monocotyledonous plants

  • They bear seeds which have only one seed leaves (cotyledon)
  • The vascular bundles of the stem are scattered.
  • Their floral parts exist in groups of three or multiples of three.
  • Their leaves have veins running parallel to one another.
  • They have fibrous root system.
  • They do not undergo secondary growth.
  • Examples are maize plants, rice, oil palm trees and Guinea grass.

Differences between Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous Plants

Monocotyledonous Plants – Dicotyledonous Plants

  1. They possess only one seed leaf or cotyledon – Dicotyledonous Plants: They possess two seed leaves or cotyledons.
  2. They have scattered vascular bundles of stem – In dicotyledonous plants Vascular bundles of stem are arranged in regular pattern.
  3. They have fibrous root system – They have tap root system.
  4. They exhibit hypogeal germination – They exhibit epigeal germination.
  5. Floral parts exist in groups of three or multiples of three – The floral parts exist in groups of four or five.
  6. They possess parallel venation – They possess net venation.
  7. There is presence of large pith, ring of vascular bundle in the center of stem – There is presence of XYLEM (water conducting tissue) in the center of stem.
  8. They Do not undergo secondary growth – They undergo secondary growth.

Revision Questions

  1. What are angiosperms?
  2. Discuss angiosperm plants in details and give examples of crops that belong to this group.
  3. State five characteristics of angiosperm.
  4. State five differences between monocotyledonous plants and dicotyledonous plants.
  5. What are the characteristics of dicotyledonous plants?
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