Biology is a core subject in the JAMB syllabus, and practicing past questions helps candidates understand the exam pattern and improve accuracy. This blog provides 50 most repeated Biology JAMB past questions and answers, divided into three sections for structured revision and effective study.
Section 1: Biology JAMB Past Questions 1–20
1. The basic unit of life is:
a) Atom
b) Molecule
c) Cell
d) Tissue
Answer: c) Cell
2. Photosynthesis occurs in:
a) Mitochondria
b) Chloroplast
c) Nucleus
d) Ribosome
Answer: b) Chloroplast
3. DNA is made up of:
a) Amino acids
b) Nucleotides
c) Fatty acids
d) Glucose units
Answer: b) Nucleotides
4. The powerhouse of the cell is:
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: c) Mitochondria
5. Which of the following is a prokaryote?
a) Amoeba
b) Bacterium
c) Yeast
d) Algae
Answer: b) Bacterium
5. The process of converting glucose to energy in the absence of oxygen is:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Fermentation
c) Respiration
d) Transpiration
Answer: b) Fermentation
7. The organ responsible for filtration in humans is:
a) Heart
b) Kidney
c) Liver
d) Lungs
Answer: b) Kidney
8. Blood group that is universal donor is:
a) A
b) B
c) AB
d) O
Answer: d) O
9. The hormone responsible for blood sugar regulation is:
a) Adrenaline
b) Insulin
c) Thyroxine
d) Estrogen
Answer: b) Insulin
10. Which of the following is a connective tissue?
a) Cartilage
b) Epithelial tissue
c) Muscle
d) Nervous tissue
Answer: a) Cartilage
11. The functional unit of the kidney is:
a) Nephron
b) Glomerulus
c) Bowman’s capsule
d) Loop of Henle
Answer: a) Nephron
12. The process of water movement from roots to leaves is called:
a) Transpiration
b) Osmosis
c) Diffusion
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: a) Transpiration
13. Which vitamin is produced by skin in sunlight?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin K
Answer: c) Vitamin D
14. The male reproductive cell in humans is:
a) Ovum
b) Sperm
c) Zygote
d) Embryo
Answer: b) Sperm
15. Mitosis results in:
a) Two genetically identical cells
b) Four genetically identical cells
c) Two genetically different cells
d) Four genetically different cells
Answer: a) Two genetically identical cells
16. The part of the brain that controls balance is:
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: b) Cerebellum
17. Blood transports:
a) Hormones
b) Oxygen
c) Nutrients
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
18. The female reproductive cell is:
a) Ovum
b) Sperm
c) Zygote
d) Egg sac
Answer: a) Ovum
19. The structural carbohydrate in plants is:
a) Starch
b) Cellulose
c) Glycogen
d) Chitin
Answer: b) Cellulose
20. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?
a) Lysosome
b) Ribosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: a) Lysosome
Section 2: Biology JAMB Past Questions 21–40
Biology JAMB Past Questions and Answers:
21. The blood group with both antigens A and B is:
a) A
b) B
c) AB
d) O
Answer: c) AB
22. The process by which green plants make their food is:
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Transpiration
d) Fermentation
Answer: b) Photosynthesis
23. The enzyme that digests starch is:
a) Amylase
b) Lipase
c) Protease
d) Lactase
Answer: a) Amylase
24. The type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart is:
a) Vein
b) Artery
c) Capillary
d) Venule
Answer: b) Artery
25. Oxygen is transported in the blood by:
a) Plasma
b) Platelets
c) Hemoglobin
d) White blood cells
Answer: c) Hemoglobin
26. Which macronutrient is primarily used for energy?
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Vitamins
d) Minerals
Answer: b) Carbohydrates
27. The excretory organ in humans responsible for urine formation is:
a) Liver
b) Kidney
c) Lung
d) Skin
Answer: b) Kidney
28. DNA replication occurs during:
a) Prophase
b) Interphase
c) Metaphase
d) Telophase
Answer: b) Interphase
29. Which vitamin is important for blood clotting?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin K
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin C
Answer: b) Vitamin K
30. The energy currency of the cell is:
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) ATP
d) ADP
Answer: c) ATP
31. The tiny air sacs in lungs are called:
a) Bronchi
b) Alveoli
c) Trachea
d) Bronchioles
Answer: b) Alveoli
32. The type of reproduction producing genetically identical offspring is:
a) Sexual
b) Asexual
c) Fertilization
d) Pollination
Answer: b) Asexual
33. The xylem transports:
a) Water and minerals
b) Food
c) Hormones
d) Oxygen
Answer: a) Water and minerals
34. The phloem transports:
a) Water
b) Food
c) Minerals
d) Oxygen
Answer: b) Food
35. The gas exchange in plants occurs through:
a) Stomata
b) Cuticle
c) Xylem
d) Phloem
Answer: a) Stomata
36. The site of protein synthesis in the cell is:
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: b) Ribosome
37. The organ that stores bile in humans is:
a) Liver
b) Gall bladder
c) Pancreas
d) Stomach
Answer: b) Gall bladder
38. The nerve cells in humans are called:
a) Neurons
b) Axons
c) Dendrites
d) Neuroglia
Answer: a) Neurons
39. Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?
a) Malaria
b) Diabetes
c) Typhoid
d) Measles
Answer: b) Diabetes
40. The structural unit of the kidney is:
a) Nephron
b) Glomerulus
c) Tubule
d) Capsule
Answer: a) Nephron
Section 3: Questions 41–50
Biology JAMB Past Questions and Answers:
41. The protective layer around a plant cell is:
a) Plasma membrane
b) Cell wall
c) Cytoplasm
d) Nucleus
Answer: b) Cell wall
42. The largest organ in the human body is:
a) Liver
b) Skin
c) Heart
d) Brain
Answer: b) Skin
43. The process of shedding old skin or leaves is called:
a) Excretion
b) Ecdysis
c) Transpiration
d) Pollination
Answer: b) Ecdysis
44. The green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy is:
a) Chlorophyll
b) Carotene
c) Xanthophyll
d) Anthocyanin
Answer: a) Chlorophyll
45. Fertilization in humans occurs in the:
a) Ovary
b) Fallopian tube
c) Uterus
d) Vagina
Answer: b) Fallopian tube
46. The common name for the zygomatic bone is:
a) Cheekbone
b) Jawbone
c) Forehead
d) Collarbone
Answer: a) Cheekbone
47. The study of interactions between organisms and their environment is:
a) Anatomy
b) Physiology
c) Ecology
d) Genetics
Answer: c) Ecology
48. The hormone that regulates water balance in humans is:
a) ADH
b) Insulin
c) Thyroxine
d) Estrogen
Answer: a) ADH
49. The part of the cell that controls cell activities is:
a) Nucleus
b) Cytoplasm
c) Ribosome
d) Lysosome
Answer: a) Nucleus
50. The type of joint found in the human shoulder is:
a) Hinge joint
b) Ball and socket joint
c) Pivot joint
d) Fixed joint
Answer: b) Ball and socket joint.
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