Divisions Of Angiosperm | Dicotyledonous Plants

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Hi, welcome to this blog on the topic, Divisions of Angiosperm in agriculture.

Table Of Contents

  1. Divisions of Angiosperm
  2. Dicotyledonous plants and characteristics
  3. Monocotyledonous plants and characteristics
  4. Differences between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants

Definition of Divisions of Angiosperm

The divisions of angiosperm refer to the two major groups into which all flowering plants are classified based on the number of cotyledons (seed leaves) present in their seeds and other structural features such as venation, root system, arrangement of vascular bundles, floral parts, and germination type. These two divisions are Monocotyledonous plants (Monocots) and Dicotyledonous plants (Dicots).

DIVISIONS OF ANGIOSPERM

Angiosperm can be subdivided into two classes according to the number of seed leaves (cotyledon) these are dicotyledonous plants and monocotyledonous plants.

Characteristics Of Angiosperm

  1. They are the most complex green flowering plants.
  2. They are vascular plants.
  3. They also have well developed and complete flower.
  4. They are seed plants with seeds enclosed in the fruit.
  5. They are mainly terrestrial plants.
  6. They show more specialized reproductive mechanism involving pollination and fertilization.

1. Dicotyledonous Plants

Characteristics of dicotyledonous plants

  • They bear seeds which have two seed leaves or cotyledons.
  • The vascular bundles of each stem are arranged in a regular pattern.
  • Their floral parts exist in groups of four or five.
  • The leaves have veins arranged in branched network.
  • They have tap root system.
  • They usually undergo secondary growth.
  • Examples include mango, Orange, cowpea, groundnut, balsam plant.

2. Monocotyledonous Plants

Characteristics of monocotyledonous plants

  • They bear seeds which have only one seed leaves (cotyledon)
  • The vascular bundles of the stem are scattered.
  • Their floral parts exist in groups of three or multiples of three.
  • Their leaves have veins running parallel to one another.
  • They have fibrous root system.
  • They do not undergo secondary growth.
  • Examples are maize plants, rice, oil palm trees and Guinea grass.

Differences between Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous Plants

Monocotyledonous PlantsDicotyledonous Plants
They possess only one seed leaf or cotyledonThey possess two seed leaves or cotyledons
They have scattered vascular bundles of stemVascular bundles of stem are arranged in regular pattern
They have fibrous root systemThey have tap root system
They exhibit hypogeal germinationThey exhibit epigeal germination
Floral parts exist in groups of three or multiples of threeThe floral parts exist in groups of four or five
They possess parallel venationThey possess net venation
Presence of large pith, ring of vascular bundle in the center of stemPresence of xylem (water conducting tissue) in the center of stem
They do not undergo secondary growthThey undergo secondary growth

Revision Questions

  1. What are angiosperms?
  2. Discuss angiosperm plants in details and give examples of crops that belong to this group.
  3. State five characteristics of angiosperm.
  4. State five differences between monocotyledonous plants and dicotyledonous plants.
  5. What are the characteristics of dicotyledonous plants?
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