Biology is a vital subject that helps students understand living organisms, their structures, functions, and interactions with the environment. This quiz is designed to test your knowledge of important biology concepts through carefully selected objective questions. Each question has related options to make selection challenging. Read each question carefully and choose the most appropriate answer. Answers and explanations are provided after the questions.
Biology Quiz
1. The basic unit of life is the
A. Tissue
B. Cell
C. Organ
D. System
2. Which organelle is responsible for respiration in cells?
A. Ribosome
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Vacuole
3. Photosynthesis mainly takes place in the
A. Root
B. Stem
C. Leaf
D. Flower
4. The movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane is called
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Transpiration
D. Absorption
5. The green pigment found in plants is known as
A. Chlorophyll
B. Xanthophyll
C. Carotene
D. Anthocyanin
Biology Quiz
6. Which blood cell is responsible for immunity?
A. Red blood cell
B. Platelet
C. White blood cell
D. Plasma
7. The process by which plants lose water vapour is called
A. Respiration
B. Transpiration
C. Excretion
D. Guttation
8. The organ responsible for pumping blood in humans is the
A. Lung
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Heart
9. Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Ammonia
10. The study of plants is known as
A. Zoology
B. Ecology
C. Botany
D. Anatomy
11. Which vitamin is produced in the skin by sunlight?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
12. The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the
A. Neuron
B. Nephron
C. Alveolus
D. Villus
13. Which gas is essential for respiration?
A. Nitrogen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Oxygen
D. Hydrogen
14. The process of breaking down food to release energy is called
A. Digestion
B. Absorption
C. Respiration
D. Assimilation
15. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Medulla
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
Biology Quiz
16. The transfer of pollen from anther to stigma is called
A. Fertilization
B. Germination
C. Pollination
D. Dispersal
17. Which group of organisms can manufacture their own food?
A. Parasites
B. Saprophytes
C. Autotrophs
D. Heterotrophs
18. The largest organ in the human body is the
A. Liver
B. Skin
C. Brain
D. Lung
19. Which structure controls activities of the cell?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cell wall
C. Nucleus
D. Vacuole
20. The removal of metabolic waste from the body is called
A. Respiration
B. Excretion
C. Nutrition
D. Circulation
21. Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
A. Vein
B. Artery
C. Capillary
D. Venule
22. The site of fertilization in humans is the
A. Uterus
B. Ovary
C. Fallopian tube
D. Vagina
23. Which process leads to an increase in the number of cells?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Fertilization
D. Mutation
24. The main function of red blood cells is to
A. Fight infection
B. Produce hormones
C. Transport oxygen
D. Store nutrients
25. Which part of the plant absorbs water and mineral salts?
A. Stem
B. Leaf
C. Root
D. Flower
Biology Quiz
26. The fluid part of blood in which cells are suspended is called
A. Serum
B. Plasma
C. Lymph
D. Water
27. Which organ is mainly responsible for detoxification in humans?
A. Kidney
B. Heart
C. Liver
D. Lung
28. The tiny openings on the surface of leaves are called
A. Lenticels
B. Stomata
C. Pores
D. Tracheids
29. Which type of nutrition is found in fungi?
A. Autotrophic
B. Holozoic
C. Parasitic
D. Saprophytic
30. The process by which green plants make food using sunlight is called
A. Respiration
B. Transpiration
C. Photosynthesis
D. Germination
Biology Quiz
31. Which part of the digestive system absorbs digested food?
A. Stomach
B. Ileum
C. Colon
D. Oesophagus
32. The genetic material found in the nucleus is
A. RNA
B. Protein
C. DNA
D. Enzyme
33. Which organism causes malaria?
A. Trypanosoma
B. Plasmodium
C. Amoeba
D. Paramecium
34. The ability of an organism to respond to stimuli is known as
A. Growth
B. Irritability
C. Movement
D. Nutrition
35. Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering?
A. Retina
B. Cornea
C. Iris
D. Lens
36. The organ of excretion in insects is the
A. Nephridium
B. Malpighian tubule
C. Kidney
D. Flame cell
37. Which type of skeleton is found in humans?
A. Hydrostatic
B. Exoskeleton
C. Endoskeleton
D. Cartilaginous
38. The process of shedding old skin in reptiles is called
A. Metamorphosis
B. Ecdysis
C. Germination
D. Hibernation
39. Which mineral is important for the formation of bones and teeth?
A. Iron
B. Iodine
C. Calcium
D. Sodium
40. The main function of the large intestine is
A. Digestion
B. Absorption of water
C. Respiration
D. Circulation
Biology Quiz
41. Which structure connects muscles to bones?
A. Ligament
B. Tendon
C. Cartilage
D. Joint
42. The period of rest in some animals during cold season is called
A. Aestivation
B. Migration
C. Hibernation
D. Dormancy
43. Which part of a flower develops into a fruit?
A. Ovule
B. Ovary
C. Anther
D. Stigma
44. The movement of food in plants is carried out by
A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Cambium
D. Cortex
45. Which disease is caused by deficiency of vitamin C?
A. Rickets
B. Beriberi
C. Scurvy
D. Pellagra
46. The exchange of gases in humans takes place in the
A. Trachea
B. Bronchus
C. Alveolus
D. Larynx
47. Which group of organisms lives on dead organic matter?
A. Parasites
B. Predators
C. Decomposers
D. Producers
48. The organ responsible for hearing is the
A. Nose
B. Eye
C. Ear
D. Tongue
49. Which plant tissue provides support?
A. Parenchyma
B. Collenchyma
C. Phloem
D. Xylem
50. The fusion of male and female gametes is called
A. Pollination
B. Germination
C. Fertilization
D. Regeneration
Biology Quiz answers and explanations
1. B — Cell
The cell is the smallest unit of life that carries out all vital biological activities such as respiration, growth, and reproduction.
2. C — Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion is the site of cellular respiration where energy is released for the activities of the cell.
3. C — Leaf
Leaves contain chlorophyll and are specially adapted for photosynthesis, making them the main site for food production.
4. B — Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration.
5. A — Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll traps sunlight energy needed for photosynthesis in green plants.
6. C — White blood cell
White blood cells protect the body against disease-causing organisms and infections.
7. B — Transpiration
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from plant surfaces, mainly through the stomata.
8. D — Heart
The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients.
9. B — Oxygen
Oxygen is released as a by-product during photosynthesis.
10. C — Botany
Botany is the branch of biology that studies plants.
11. D — Vitamin D
Vitamin D is produced in the skin when exposed to sunlight and helps in calcium absorption.
12. B — Nephron
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration and urine formation.
13. C — Oxygen
Oxygen is needed for respiration to release energy from food.
14. C — Respiration
Respiration is the process of breaking down food substances to release energy.
15. C — Cerebellum
The cerebellum controls balance, posture, and coordination of movement.
16. C — Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma in flowering plants.
17. C — Autotrophs
Autotrophs manufacture their own food using sunlight or chemical energy.
18. B — Skin
The skin is the largest organ of the body and protects internal organs.
19. C — Nucleus
The nucleus controls all cellular activities and contains genetic material.
20. B — Excretion
Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste products from the body.
21. B — Artery
Arteries carry blood away from the heart to different parts of the body.
22. C — Fallopian tube
Fertilization usually takes place in the fallopian tube in humans.
23. B — Mitosis
Mitosis leads to growth and repair by increasing the number of body cells.
24. C — Transport oxygen
Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which helps in transporting oxygen.
25. C — Root
Roots absorb water and mineral salts from the soil.
26. B — Plasma
Plasma is the liquid part of blood that transports nutrients, hormones, and waste materials.
27. C — Liver
The liver removes harmful substances and detoxifies chemicals in the body.
28. B — Stomata
Stomata are tiny pores on leaves that allow gas exchange and water loss.
29. D — Saprophytic
Fungi feed on dead and decaying organic matter through saprophytic nutrition.
30. C — Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food using sunlight.
31. B — Ileum
The ileum absorbs digested nutrients into the bloodstream.
32. C — DNA
DNA carries genetic information and controls inheritance.
33. B — Plasmodium
Plasmodium is the parasite that causes malaria in humans.
34. B — Irritability
Irritability is the ability of living organisms to respond to stimuli.
35. C — Iris
The iris controls the size of the pupil and regulates light entering the eye.
36. B — Malpighian tubule
Malpighian tubules remove nitrogenous waste in insects.
37. C — Endoskeleton
Humans have an internal skeleton known as an endoskeleton.
38. B — Ecdysis
Ecdysis is the process of shedding old skin in reptiles and insects.
39. C — Calcium
Calcium is needed for strong bones and teeth formation.
40. B — Absorption of water
The large intestine absorbs water and forms faeces.
41. B — Tendon
Tendons connect muscles to bones and aid movement.
42. C — Hibernation
Hibernation is a period of inactivity in animals during cold seasons.
43. B — Ovary
After fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit.
44. B — Phloem
Phloem transports manufactured food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
45. C — Scurvy
Scurvy is caused by lack of vitamin C and leads to weak gums and bleeding.
46. C — Alveolus
Alveoli are tiny air sacs where gaseous exchange takes place.
47. C — Decomposers
Decomposers break down dead plants and animals into simpler substances.
48. C — Ear
The ear is responsible for hearing and balance.
49. B — Collenchyma
Collenchyma provides mechanical support in young plant parts.
50. C — Fertilization
Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
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