NECO Physics Examination 2025: Questions and Answers

NECO Physics Examination 2025: Timetable, Exam structure, Questions and Answers.

But before then go through the breakdown of 2025 NECO exam below:

Get the full breakdown of the NECO Physics Examination 2025, including the complete timetable, exam structure, key syllabus topics, and effective study tips. Perfect guide for science students preparing for NECO SSCE.

NECO Physics Examination 2025: Full Breakdown and Preparation Guide

Exam Structure and Marking Scheme

The NECO Physics exam consists of three papers:

Paper I – Practical (50 Marks, 2 Hours)

This paper tests the candidate’s ability to perform physical experiments, take accurate readings, record observations, analyze data, and interpret results. Typical questions include:

Measurement of current, voltage, and resistance
Determining acceleration due to gravity
Using a pendulum to find time period
Measurement using metre rule, Vernier caliper, or micrometer screw gauge

Paper II – Essay (100 Marks, 2 Hours)

This theory paper is divided into:

Section A: Ten compulsory short-structured questions covering a wide range of topics (25 marks)
Section B: Four essay questions out of which candidates are to answer three (75 marks)

Questions demand detailed explanation, derivation of formulae, calculations, and application of concepts to real-life situations.

Paper III – Objective (50 Marks, 1 Hour)

This section consists of 50 multiple-choice questions assessing understanding across the entire syllabus. Topics range from mechanics and electricity to optics and modern physics.

Core Areas of the Physics Syllabus

The NECO Physics syllabus includes both theory and practical components. Important areas include:

1. Mechanics

Scalars and vectors
Linear and circular motion
Laws of motion
Work, energy, and power
Equilibrium and machines

2. Heat (Thermodynamics)

Temperature and its measurement
Expansion of solids, liquids, and gases
Gas laws
Heat capacity and specific heat

3. Waves

Types and properties of waves
Sound waves and light waves
Reflection, refraction, and diffraction
The electromagnetic spectrum

4. Electricity and Magnetism

Current, voltage, and resistance
Ohm’s Law and electrical circuits
Magnetism and electromagnetic induction
Capacitors and transformers

5. Optics

Reflection and refraction of light
Lenses and mirrors
Optical instruments

6. Modern Physics

Radioactivity
Structure of the atom
Nuclear reactions and energy

7. Practical Skills

Reading scales accurately
Data collection and analysis
Use of measuring instruments (stopwatch, meter rule, ammeter, voltmeter)

Required Materials for Practical Exam

Students are expected to be familiar with the use of:

Metre rule, Vernier caliper, micrometer screw gauge
Stopwatch
Electrical components (resistors, ammeter, voltmeter)
Pendulum bob and stand
Wires and key switches.

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Preparation Tips for NECO Physics

Practice with Past Questions
Solve both objective and theory past questions regularly to understand the format and recurring topics.
Focus on Calculations
Many Physics questions involve numerical problems. Master the formulas and practice solving with proper units.
Master Graph Plotting
For the practical paper, you must be able to draw and interpret graphs accurately, including scale selection and line of best fit.
Revise Definitions and Laws
Be able to define physical quantities and state laws like Newton’s laws, Ohm’s law, Hooke’s law, etc.
Understand Experiment Procedures
Study common physics experiments and be able to describe the steps clearly.
Use Formula Sheets and Flashcards
Create flashcards with formulas, SI units, and physical constants for quick revision.

Sample Objective Questions

What is the S.I. unit of force?
A. Joule
B. Pascal
C. Newton
D. Watt
Answer: C. Newton
A body of mass 4 kg moves with velocity 3 m/s. Its kinetic energy is:
A. 6 J
B. 9 J
C. 18 J
D. 24 J
Answer: D. 24 J
Which instrument is best for measuring the diameter of a thin wire?
A. Ruler
B. Vernier caliper
C. Micrometer screw gauge
D. Metre rule
Answer: C. Micrometer screw gauge

Theory sample questions from past questions

1. Define and State a Law

a. Define force and state its S.I. unit.
b. State Newton’s Second Law of Motion.
c. A force of 10 N is applied to a body of mass 5 kg. Calculate the acceleration produced.

2. Heat and Specific Heat Capacity

a. Define specific heat capacity.
b. A 2.5 kg block of metal is heated from 25°C to 75°C using 52,500 J of heat. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal.
c. State two applications of high specific heat capacity of water.

3. Electricity and Ohm’s Law

a. State Ohm’s Law.
b. Draw a simple circuit diagram used to verify Ohm’s Law.
c. In an experiment, a current of 0.5 A flows through a resistor when a potential difference of 3 V is applied. Calculate the resistance.

4. Optics

a. Define refraction of light.
b. State Snell’s Law of refraction.
c. A ray of light passes from air into glass with a refractive index of 1.5. If the angle of incidence is 30°, calculate the angle of refraction (to 2 decimal places).

5. Motion and Velocity-Time Graph

a. Sketch a velocity-time graph for a body that:

Starts from rest
Accelerates uniformly
Moves at constant speed
Then decelerates to stop

b. Explain the significance of the area under a velocity-time graph.
c. From the graph, describe the motion of the body in each stage.

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Conclusion

The NECO Physics exam tests both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Success in the examination depends on solid understanding of physical laws, accuracy in calculations, and familiarity with experimental procedures. With consistent study, good time management, and proper revision, students can achieve excellent results in NECO Physics 2025.

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2025 PHYSICS QUESTION AND ANSWERS LOADING…….

NECO GCE PHYSICS ANSWERS SOLUTIONS

NECO GCE PHY OBJ:
01-10: CEDBDBCCCC
11-20: CCCDAECEDC
21-30: ECDCAAEADE
31-40: BBDCBBDACD
41-50: CBEABECCBA
51-60: DACACDBEDA

Completed and verified!

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SECTION A; YOU ARE TO ANSWER SIX (6) QUESTIONS FROM THIS PART NO;1 IS COMPULSORY. AND ANY OTHER FIVE.

SECTION-B; ANSWER FOUR (4) QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION

(1a)
(i)Flat-plate collectors
(ii)Concentrated solar collectors

(1b)
A slide projector is an optical device that projects images from slides onto a screen, WHILE A periscope is an optical instrument that allows users to view objects that are not in their direct line of sight.

(1c)
1: acre = 4047 m²/acre
3; acres = x
x*1= 3 acres * 4047 m²/acre
= 121,41 m²

x= 121,41m²

(2a)
(i)Ruler
(ii)Tape measure

(2b)

That contact forces require physical contact between objects, WHILE field forces can act over a distance without physical contact.

(3a)
(i)Force
(ii)Length

(3b)
Given initial speed;
(u) = 50 m/s, final speed
(v) = 120 m/s, and time.
(t) = 2 minutes = 120 seconds,
the acceleration (a) can be calculated using the formula:
a = (v – u) / t
a = (120 m/s – 50 m/s) / 120 s
a = 70 m/s / 120 s

a = 0.583 m/s²

(4a)
(i)Fishing rod
(ii)Human forearm

(4b)

First-class levers have the fulcrum between the effort and the load, WHILE second-class levers have the load between the effort and the fulcrum.

(5a)
(i)Elastic collision
(ii)Inelastic collision

(5b)
Given mass;
(m) = 0.2 kg, initial speed
(u) = 10 m/s, force
(F) = 3 N, and time
(t) = 0.02 s,
the acceleration (a) can be calculated using
F = ma, and then the new speed
(v) can be calculated using v = u + at.
a = F / m = 3 N / 0.2 kg = 15 m/s²
v = u + at = 10 m/s + (15 m/s² * 0.02 s) = 10 m/s + 0.3 m/s

= 10.3 m/s

(6a)
(i)Sun
(ii)Stars

(6b)

Sound waves are mechanical waves that require a medium to propagate, WHILE ultraviolet rays are electromagnetic waves that can propagate through a vacuum.

(7a)
(i)Using soft, absorbent materials on walls and ceilings
(ii)Installing irregular surfaces to scatter sound.

(7b)

Solving…..

(8a)
A magnet can be demagnetised mechanically by hammering or dropping it repeatedly.

(8b)

Angle of declination is the angle between magnetic north and true north, WHILE angle of dip is the angle between the Earth’s magnetic field lines and the horizontal at a given location.

(9a)
(i)Measuring electromotive force (EMF) of a cell
(ii)Comparing EMFs of two different cells.

(9b)
Given;
Ig = 5 mA = 0.005
A, Rg = 70 Ω, and
I = 3 A,
we can calculate the shunt resistance (S) using the formula
S = (Ig * Rg) / (I – Ig).
S = (0.005 A * 70 Ω) / (3 A – 0.005 A)
S = 0.35 / 2.995
S ≈ 0.117 Ω

(Approximately 0.117 Ω.)

(10a)
(i)Copper
(ii)Gold

(10b)

Soft x-rays have lower energy and longer wavelengths, WHILE hard x-rays have higher energy and shorter wavelengths.

(11a)
Adhesion is the force of attraction between different types of molecules, WHILE cohesion is the force of attraction between molecules of the same type.

(11b)
(i) Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape, taking the shape of their container.

(ii) Liquids are largely incompressible.

SECTION B; YOU ARE TO ANSWER ONLY FOUR (4) QUESTIONS FROM THIS PART

(12ai)
(i)A rotating fan.
(ii)A spinning top.

(12aii)
-Random motion; Involves a change of position without a specific pattern or in an unpredictable path, such as the movement of gas particles (Brownian motion).

-Rotational motion is the spinning of an object around a fixed axis.

(12bi)
(i)Friction produces heat, which wastes energy.
(ii)Friction causes wear and tear on the surfaces of moving parts, degrading the machine over time.

(12bii)
(i)Lubrication with oil or grease between moving parts.
(ii)Using ball bearings or wheels to replace sliding friction with rolling friction, which is lower.

(12c) [Draw the diagram]

============================================================

(13a)
Convection of heat is the transfer of heat from one place to another through the bulk movement of a fluid (liquid or gas). It is often caused by density differences, where hotter, less dense fluid rises and cooler, denser fluid sinks.

(13aii)
Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact or a medium without the overall movement of the mediums particles, WHILE Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, which can occur through a vacuum or a medium.

(13b)
(i)The release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, contributing to climate change.
(ii)The release of pollutants like sulfur dioxide, leading to acid rain.

(13ci)
(i)Temperature (higher temperature increases the rate).
(ii)Surface area (larger surface area increases the rate).

(13cii)

Solving……

(14ai)
(i)That objects appear bent or displaced when viewed through different media (e.g., a stick in water appears bent).
(ii)That lenses can focus or disperse light to form images.

(14aii) [Draw the diagram]

(14b) Draw the diagram]

(14c)
(i)pitch (determined by frequency).
(ii)Loudness (determined by amplitude).

(14di)
Given the minimum deviation δm = 37.2° and the prism is equilateral, the angle of the prism
A = 60°.
The formula for minimum deviation is:
δm = 2i – A
where i is the angle of incidence.
Since the ray passes symmetrically,
The angle of incidence i = (δm + A) / 2
i = (37.2 + 60) / 2
i = 97.2 / 2
i = 48.6°
The angle of refraction r can be found using:
A = 2r
r = A / 2
r = 60 / 2
r = 30°

(14dii)
n = sin((A + δm) / 2) / sin(A / 2)
n = sin((60 + 37.2) / 2) / sin(60 / 2)
n = sin(97.2 / 2) / sin(30)
n = sin(48.6) / sin(30)
n = 0.7497 / 0.5
n = 1.4994

n ≈ 1.5

(15ai)
(i)An armature (coil)
(ii)Commutator.

(15aii)
(i) primary coil.
(ii) secondary coil.

(15b)
Copper wire is an electrical conductor, meaning it allows electric current to flow through it easily, WHILE Dry wood is an electrical insulator, meaning it resists the flow of electric current.

(15c)
Cathode rays are produced when a high voltage is applied across a discharge tube containing a low-pressure gas, causing the gas to ionize and electrons to be emitted from the negative electrode (cathode) due to the strong electric field.
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(15di)
Given;
the impedance (Z) = 60 Ω,
resistance (R) = 40 Ω, and
the formula for impedance in a series RC circuit is:
Z² = R² + Xc²
where Xc is the capacitive reactance.
Rearrange the formula to solve for Xc:
Xc² = Z² – R²
Xc² = 60² – 40²
Xc² = 3600 – 1600
Xc² = 2000
Xc = √2000
Xc = 44.72 Ω

(15dii)
The current (I) can be calculated using Ohm’s law:
I = V / Z
Given voltage (V) = 30 V and impedance (Z) = 60 Ω
I = 30 / 60

I = 0.5 A

(16a)
(i)That an atom consists of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center.
(ii)That electrons orbit the nucleus in circular paths.

(16b)
Surface tension is the cohesive force among liquid molecules that causes the liquid surface to behave like an elastic membrane, WHILE Capillarity is the tendency of a liquid to rise or fall in a narrow tube due to the balance between cohesive and adhesive forces.

(16c)
According to the molecular theory of matter, gas pressure is caused by the continuous, random collisions of a vast number of gas molecules with the walls of their container. The force exerted by these collisions over a given area creates the measurable pressure.

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(16di)
The work function (φ) is given by the formula:
W = hfo
where h is Planck’s constant and f0 is the threshold frequency.
Given;
φ= 6.63 x 10^-³⁴ Js
φ= 3.8 x 10¹⁴ Hz
W = hfo
= 6.63 x 10^-³⁴ * 3.8 x 10¹⁴
= 2.5194 x 10^-¹⁹ J

(16dii)
KEmax = hf – φ
where f is the frequency of the incident light.
Given f = 5.4 x 10¹⁵ Hz
First, calculate hf:
hf = 6.63 x 10^-³⁴ * 5.4 x 10¹⁵
= 3.5802 x 10^-¹⁸ J
Now, calculate KEmax:
KEmax
= hf – φ
= 3.5802 x 10^-¹⁸ – 2.5194 x 10^-¹⁹
= 3.5802 x 10^-¹⁸ – 0.25194 x 10^-¹⁸

= 3.32826 x 10^-¹⁸ J

(17a) [Draw the diagram]

(17aii)
light bulb; (lights up or makes a sound).

(17bi)
(i)Extraction of metals (e.g., aluminum from alumina).
(ii)The purification of metals (e.g., copper refining).

(17bii)
(i)Electrolyte
(ii)Electrodes

(17c)
(i)Both artificial satellites and rockets are engineered by humans.
(ii)Both are designed to operate outside of Earth’s atmosphere.

(17di)
Given;
focal length of objective lens (fo) = 100 cm
focal length of eyepiece lens (fe) = 60 cm
The distance between the lenses
= fo + fe
= 100 + 60
= 160 cm

(17dii)
The magnifying power (M) of the telescope is given by:
M = fo / fe
M = 100 / 60
M = 1.67

Exam Structure and Marking Scheme

Preparation Tips for NECO Physics

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